Used as a highly efficient catalyst in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in Buchwald–Hartwig amination and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. It enables the formation of carbon–nitrogen and carbon–carbon bonds under mild conditions with excellent selectivity and yield. Suitable for functionalizing aryl halides and heteroaryl substrates, including challenging electron-rich or sterically hindered compounds. Commonly applied in pharmaceutical synthesis where high catalytic activity and stability are required, especially in late-stage functionalization of complex molecules. Performs well in both laboratory-scale and industrial processes due to its air and moisture tolerance when handled under standard inert conditions.