Widely used as a homogeneous catalyst in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in organic synthesis for forming carbon-carbon bonds. It is effective in reactions such as Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck, and Negishi couplings, where it facilitates the coupling of aryl halides with various nucleophiles or alkenes. The presence of the 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) ligand enhances catalytic activity and stability, making it suitable for transformations requiring mild reaction conditions. Commonly employed in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries for the synthesis of complex molecules. Its solubility in organic solvents allows for efficient catalysis in non-aqueous media, and it is often chosen when high selectivity and yield are required.