Widely used as a catalyst precursor in homogeneous catalysis, especially in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions. Its solubility in polar organic solvents makes it suitable for reactions requiring mild conditions. The acetonitrile ligands are labile, allowing easy substitution by phosphines or other donor ligands to form active catalytic species. Commonly employed in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals where high catalytic activity and ease of handling are required. Also used in electrochemical applications and materials science for the preparation of palladium-containing films and nanoparticles.