Widely used in cross-coupling reactions, especially in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, enabling efficient carbon-carbon bond formation under mild conditions. Ideal for coupling aryl chlorides, which are less reactive and more cost-effective than bromides or iodides. Commonly applied in pharmaceutical synthesis where functional group tolerance and high yields are critical. Also used in the preparation of complex organic molecules, including natural products and agrochemicals, due to its stability and ease of handling. Suitable for both laboratory-scale reactions and industrial processes where reproducibility and catalyst efficiency are essential.