GSK484 hydrochloride is primarily used in research settings to study the role of protein arginine deiminases (PADs) in various biological processes. It acts as a potent inhibitor of PAD4, an enzyme involved in the citrullination of proteins, which is linked to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers utilize this compound to investigate the mechanisms of PAD4 activity and its impact on disease progression, particularly in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Additionally, GSK484 hydrochloride is employed in preclinical studies to explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting PAD4 inhibition, aiming to develop treatments for diseases where abnormal protein citrullination plays a key role. Its application extends to understanding epigenetic regulation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, which are critical in immune responses and cancer biology.