Uricase is primarily used in medical applications for the treatment of hyperuricemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood. It is particularly effective in managing severe cases of gout and tumor lysis syndrome, where rapid reduction of uric acid is critical. The enzyme works by catalyzing the oxidation of uric acid into allantoin, a more soluble compound that is easily excreted by the kidneys. This helps prevent the formation of uric acid crystals, which can lead to kidney stones and joint inflammation. Uricase is also utilized in diagnostic kits to measure uric acid levels in blood and urine samples, aiding in the monitoring and diagnosis of metabolic disorders. Additionally, it finds application in biotechnology research for studying purine metabolism and related enzymatic pathways.