Used as a flame retardant in polymers and plastics, particularly in engineering thermoplastics like polyesters and polycarbonates. It provides excellent thermal stability and helps meet flammability standards without compromising mechanical properties. Also employed in coatings and adhesives to enhance fire resistance. Its phosphonate groups contribute to char formation during combustion, reducing smoke and toxic gas emissions. Suitable for applications in electronics, automotive components, and construction materials where fire safety is critical.