Used primarily as a reactive flame retardant in textile and polymer applications. It is especially effective in cotton fabrics, where it forms covalent bonds with cellulose during curing, providing durable flame resistance that withstands washing. The compound enhances char formation during combustion, reducing flammability and limiting the spread of flames. Commonly applied in flame-retardant finishes for upholstery, protective clothing, and home textiles. Also utilized in water-based coatings and adhesives to improve fire safety without compromising flexibility or adhesion. Its phosphono group contributes to both thermal stability and crosslinking efficiency in resin systems.