Used as an electron-transport material in organic photovoltaics and perovskite solar cells due to its strong electron-accepting properties and good film-forming ability. Enhances device efficiency by improving charge separation and reducing recombination. Also applied in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) as a semiconducting layer, offering high electron mobility and environmental stability. Its lipophilic n-octyl chain aids in solubility and processability in nonpolar solvents, making it suitable for solution-based fabrication techniques like spin coating and inkjet printing. Shows promise in flexible electronics and large-area optoelectronic devices.