Nalmefene Hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of alcohol dependence. It works by reducing the craving for alcohol and the rewarding effects of drinking, helping individuals to cut down on their alcohol consumption. This medication is often prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes counseling and support.

In emergency medicine, it is utilized as an opioid antagonist to reverse the effects of opioid overdose. It can effectively counteract life-threatening respiratory depression caused by opioids, making it a critical tool in emergency settings.

Additionally, Nalmefene Hydrochloride has been explored for its potential in managing other addictive behaviors, such as compulsive gambling, though this application is less common and still under research.