Netarsudil mesylate is primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It works by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) through multiple mechanisms, including increasing the outflow of aqueous humor and decreasing its production. This dual action makes it effective in managing these eye conditions, which can otherwise lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if left untreated. It is typically administered as an ophthalmic solution, applied directly to the eye. Its ability to target the Rho kinase pathway also contributes to its efficacy in improving fluid drainage from the eye. Patients using this medication often experience a significant reduction in IOP, helping to preserve their vision over time.