Dorzolamide is primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It works by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye, which reduces the production of aqueous humor. This decrease in fluid production helps to lower intraocular pressure, thereby preventing damage to the optic nerve and preserving vision. It is often administered in the form of eye drops and can be used alone or in combination with other medications like timolol for enhanced efficacy. Regular use as prescribed by a healthcare provider is crucial for managing these eye conditions effectively.