Altretamine hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly in cases where the cancer has not responded to other forms of chemotherapy. It is often administered as a second-line therapy after initial treatments have failed. The compound works by interfering with DNA synthesis and function, which helps to inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. It is typically given orally in divided doses, and treatment schedules are carefully managed to balance efficacy with minimizing side effects. Due to its specific mechanism of action, it is sometimes used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance its anticancer effects. However, its use is generally limited to certain types of cancer and specific patient populations due to its toxicity profile.