Mitoguazone is primarily used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly hematologic malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma. It functions as an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting the synthesis of polyamines, which are crucial for cell growth and proliferation. This inhibition disrupts the rapid division of cancer cells, thereby slowing tumor progression. Additionally, mitoguazone has been explored for its potential in managing AIDS-related conditions, as it may help reduce the replication of the HIV virus. Its use is often limited due to associated side effects, but it remains a valuable option in specific therapeutic contexts. Research continues to investigate its efficacy in combination with other treatments to enhance its anticancer properties.