Obatoclax is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy due to its ability to inhibit anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family. By blocking these proteins, it promotes apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in cancer cells that otherwise evade destruction. It has shown activity in preclinical studies against various hematologic malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Its mechanism also makes it a candidate for overcoming resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Research has explored its use in combination with other anticancer agents to enhance treatment efficacy. Additionally, obatoclax has been studied for potential neuroprotective effects and antiviral activity, though these applications remain experimental.