Iberdomide is primarily used in the treatment of certain hematologic cancers, particularly multiple myeloma. It functions as a cereblon E3 ligase modulator, leading to the degradation of key transcription factors Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3), which are critical for the survival of myeloma cells. By promoting their ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, Iberdomide exerts potent anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effects. The compound enhances T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell activation, boosting the immune system’s ability to target and destroy cancer cells. It is being investigated in clinical trials, often in combination with other agents such as proteasome inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies, to improve outcomes in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Its mechanism offers a targeted approach with potential efficacy in patients who have become resistant to other immunomodulatory drugs like lenalidomide or pomalidomide.