Ganetespib is primarily used in cancer research and therapy development due to its potent inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Hsp90 plays a critical role in stabilizing various client proteins involved in tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. By inhibiting Hsp90, ganetespib causes degradation of these client proteins, leading to disruption of multiple oncogenic pathways. It has shown activity in preclinical models against a range of cancers, including lung, breast, gastric, and leukemia. Notably, it has been investigated in clinical trials for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents like docetaxel, to enhance treatment efficacy. Ganetespib’s ability to target multiple signaling pathways simultaneously—such as those involving HER2, AKT, and mutant EGFR—makes it a promising candidate for overcoming drug resistance in tumors. Its use is mainly focused on targeted cancer therapy where conventional treatments have limited success.