Fosbretabulin disodium is primarily used in oncology research as a vascular disrupting agent (VDA). It works by targeting and destabilizing the microtubules in endothelial cells lining tumor blood vessels, leading to rapid occlusion of the vasculature and subsequent tumor necrosis. This mechanism makes it particularly effective in cutting off blood supply to solid tumors, especially in combination with other anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation. It has been investigated in clinical trials for various cancers, including anaplastic thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Its ability to selectively damage tumor-associated vasculature while largely sparing normal blood vessels offers a strategic advantage in cancer treatment. Additionally, fosbretabulin disodium may enhance the delivery and effectiveness of other therapeutic agents by normalizing tumor blood flow temporarily or by increasing tumor permeability. Due to its role in disrupting tumor metabolism and inducing central tumor cell death, it is also being explored in combination with immunotherapies, where tumor breakdown may release antigens and stimulate an immune response.