Clofarabine is used as an antineoplastic agent, primarily in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in pediatric patients who have relapsed or are refractory to previous treatments. It works by inhibiting DNA synthesis, leading to apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Due to its mechanism of action, it is particularly effective in targeting immature lymphocytes. Clofarabine is often considered when other chemotherapy regimens have failed, offering a therapeutic option for children with limited alternatives. It is administered intravenously under strict medical supervision due to potential toxicity, including liver and neurological side effects.