Used primarily in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), bendamustine hydrochloride is effective in patients who have not responded to other therapies. It functions as an alkylating agent and also interferes with cell division by disrupting DNA synthesis and repair. Due to its dual mechanism, it shows efficacy in both newly diagnosed and relapsed cases. It is often used when standard regimens like CHOP or rituximab-based therapies are unsuitable. Bendamustine is also being explored in conditioning regimens before stem cell transplantation and in combination with monoclonal antibodies for enhanced anti-cancer effects. Its favorable safety profile and lower incidence of severe side effects compared to other alkylators make it a valuable option in oncology.