Alobresib is primarily investigated for its use in cancer therapy, specifically as a selective inhibitor of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins. These proteins play a key role in the regulation of gene expression involved in cell growth and proliferation. By inhibiting BET proteins, Alobresib disrupts the transcription of oncogenes such as MYC, which are often overexpressed in various cancers.

It has shown potential in preclinical and clinical studies for treating hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Research also explores its efficacy in solid tumors, such as breast and lung cancers, particularly in combination with other anticancer agents like targeted therapies or chemotherapy.

Due to its mechanism of action, Alobresib is being studied for its ability to overcome resistance to standard treatments and to suppress tumor growth by modulating key signaling pathways. Its development represents a targeted epigenetic approach in oncology, aiming to provide a more precise and less toxic alternative to conventional chemotherapy.