Abexinostat is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor primarily investigated for its anticancer properties. It has shown promising activity in preclinical and clinical studies against various hematologic malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and leukemia. By inhibiting HDAC enzymes, abexinostat promotes the acetylation of histones and other proteins, leading to altered gene expression, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. It has been evaluated in combination with other anticancer agents such as chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapies to enhance treatment efficacy. Its ability to sensitize tumor cells to radiation and other cytotoxic agents makes it a candidate for use in multimodal cancer treatment strategies. Research continues to explore optimal dosing, safety, and efficacy in different cancer types, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases where conventional therapies have failed.