GS-9620 is primarily investigated for its potential in treating viral infections, particularly hepatitis B and HIV, due to its ability to stimulate the immune system. It acts as an agonist for toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), which enhances the body's antiviral response. This makes it a promising candidate for reducing viral loads and potentially achieving functional cures in chronic infections. Additionally, it is being explored in cancer immunotherapy, where it may help activate immune cells to target and destroy cancer cells. Its role in modulating immune responses also opens possibilities for use in vaccine adjuvants, improving the efficacy of vaccines against various diseases. Research continues to evaluate its safety and effectiveness in these applications.