Vinflunine is primarily used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic bladder cancer, particularly in patients who have previously undergone platinum-based chemotherapy. It works by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and spreading. The drug is administered intravenously and is often considered when other treatment options have proven ineffective. Its application is crucial in extending survival and improving the quality of life for patients with this aggressive form of cancer. Additionally, ongoing research explores its potential use in other types of cancers, broadening its therapeutic scope.