Vinflunine tartrate is primarily used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract, particularly in patients who have previously received platinum-based chemotherapy. It works by inhibiting microtubule dynamics, which disrupts cell division and leads to cancer cell death. This chemotherapeutic agent is administered intravenously and is often considered when other treatment options have failed. Its application is carefully monitored due to potential side effects, including myelosuppression and gastrointestinal disturbances. Clinical use is supported by its ability to improve progression-free survival and overall response rates in eligible patients. Ongoing studies are evaluating its efficacy in other cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer.