Ingenol-5,20-acetonide is primarily used in medical research and pharmaceutical applications as an intermediate in the synthesis of ingenol esters, such as ingenol mebutate. It is studied for its role in cancer treatment, particularly in targeting specific cancer cells and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, its derivatives are explored in dermatology for efficacy in treating actinic keratosis, a precancerous skin condition, by modulating immune responses and promoting cell death in abnormal tissues. Derivatives are also investigated for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, making it a promising compound for novel drug development. Use is restricted to research and requires professional oversight due to potential toxicity.