Widely used as a highly efficient catalyst in olefin metathesis reactions, particularly in ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and cross-metathesis (CM) processes. Its robust structure allows for excellent activity and stability under a variety of reaction conditions, including in the presence of air and moisture. Commonly employed in the synthesis of complex organic molecules such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, and advanced materials. The presence of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand enhances catalytic performance by increasing catalyst longevity and selectivity. Particularly valuable in industrial-scale applications where high turnover numbers and functional group tolerance are required.