Used in molecular biology as a substrate for DNA synthesis and sequencing. It plays a critical role in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, aiding in the amplification of DNA. Also employed in studies of enzyme kinetics and mechanisms, particularly those involving DNA polymerases. In biochemistry, it serves as a precursor for synthesizing nucleotides and oligonucleotides. Additionally, it is utilized in research focused on DNA repair mechanisms and cellular metabolism. Its applications extend to the development of antiviral and anticancer drugs, where it helps in understanding nucleotide metabolism pathways.