Used extensively in biochemical research to study enzymatic reactions, particularly those involving redox processes. It serves as a coenzyme in metabolic pathways, including the pentose phosphate pathway, photosynthesis, and fatty acid synthesis, aiding in the production of NADPH, which is crucial for biosynthetic reactions and antioxidant defense. Applied in cell culture studies to support cellular metabolism and growth. Also utilized in diagnostic assays to measure enzyme activities and in pharmaceutical research for drug development targeting metabolic disorders. Plays a role in studying oxidative stress and its impact on cellular health, including diseases like diabetes and neurological disorders.