Procarbazine is primarily used in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, often as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen known as MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone). It works by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, thereby preventing the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Additionally, procarbazine is sometimes employed in the management of certain brain tumors, such as gliomas, due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Its use is carefully monitored due to potential side effects, including bone marrow suppression and increased risk of secondary cancers.