Used in pharmaceuticals as an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, orotic acid plays a role in cell metabolism and is involved in the biosynthesis of RNA and DNA. It is studied for its potential in treating liver disorders and supporting recovery from liver damage due to its involvement in the urea and nucleotide synthesis pathways. Also found in some dietary supplements, it is believed to enhance mineral absorption, particularly of lithium and calcium, by forming bioavailable complexes. In research settings, it serves as a marker for certain metabolic imbalances and is used in assays related to pyrimidine metabolism.