2-Chloroadenosine hemihydrate is primarily used in biochemical research to study adenosine receptor activity. It acts as an agonist, specifically targeting adenosine receptors, which play a key role in regulating various physiological processes such as heart rate, blood flow, and neurotransmission. This compound is often utilized in experiments to investigate the effects of adenosine receptor activation on cellular signaling pathways. Additionally, it is employed in pharmacological studies to explore potential therapeutic applications for conditions like cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and neurological disorders. Its ability to mimic adenosine makes it a valuable tool for understanding receptor mechanisms and developing targeted treatments.