Telbivudine is primarily used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It works by inhibiting the replication of the virus, thereby reducing the viral load in the body. This helps in slowing down the progression of liver damage and lowering the risk of complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. It is often prescribed for patients who have shown evidence of active viral replication and liver inflammation.

The medication is administered orally, usually once daily, and is most effective when taken consistently at the same time each day. It is important for patients to undergo regular monitoring of liver function and viral load to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and to detect any potential side effects early.

Telbivudine is generally well-tolerated, but like any antiviral medication, it can cause side effects such as muscle pain, weakness, and in rare cases, peripheral neuropathy. Patients with pre-existing kidney issues may require dose adjustments, as the drug is excreted through the kidneys.

It is crucial for patients to complete the prescribed course of treatment and to follow their healthcare provider's instructions closely to achieve the best possible outcome. In some cases, long-term therapy may be necessary to maintain control of the virus.