Allopurinol riboside is primarily utilized in the field of medical research and treatment, particularly in the study and management of conditions related to purine metabolism. It serves as an important intermediate in the synthesis of nucleoside analogs, which are crucial for developing antiviral and anticancer drugs. This compound is also investigated for its potential role in modulating immune responses, making it relevant in autoimmune disease research. Additionally, it is explored for its ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in the production of uric acid, which could be beneficial in treating gout and hyperuricemia. Its applications extend to biochemical studies where it helps in understanding the pathways of nucleotide synthesis and degradation.