Used in epigenetic research to study DNA methylation and demethylation processes. The compound serves as a modified nucleoside that mimics natural intermediates in the oxidation pathway of 5-methylcytosine, helping scientists investigate gene regulation mechanisms. It is incorporated into DNA strands to probe the effects of epigenetic modifications on transcription, chromatin structure, and cellular differentiation. Also utilized in the development of biochemical assays for detecting DNA-modifying enzymes such as TET proteins.