Polyguanylic acid potassium salt is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry research. It serves as a synthetic RNA homopolymer, particularly in studies involving RNA structure, function, and interactions. This compound is often employed as a template for RNA-dependent RNA polymerases to investigate enzymatic mechanisms and RNA synthesis processes. Additionally, it is utilized in hybridization experiments to study RNA-RNA or RNA-DNA interactions due to its specific base-pairing properties. In immunology, polyguanylic acid potassium salt is used as a model RNA molecule to explore immune responses triggered by RNA, such as the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other innate immune pathways. Its stability and predictable behavior make it a valuable tool in developing and optimizing RNA-based therapeutics and vaccines.