Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of organic semiconductors and conjugated polymers due to its extended π-conjugated system. Its electron-withdrawing nitro group and carboxylic acid functionality make it suitable for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Commonly employed in Knoevenagel condensation reactions to build push-pull chromophores for optoelectronic applications. Also explored in the development of fluorescent probes and sensors owing to its photochemical stability and tunable emission properties.