Conantokin G is primarily used in neuroscience research due to its ability to selectively inhibit NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors, particularly those containing the NR2B subunit. This makes it a valuable tool for studying excitatory neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity. Because overactivation of NMDA receptors is linked to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and epilepsy, Conantokin G is investigated for its potential neuroprotective properties. It has shown promise in reducing neuronal damage in experimental models of brain injury. Additionally, its unique mechanism of action and high specificity make it useful in mapping receptor subtypes and developing targeted therapies for chronic pain and other neurological disorders.