Isobutyl nitrate is an organic nitrate ester primarily used as a cetane number improver additive in diesel fuels to enhance ignition quality, improve combustion efficiency, and reduce emissions. It also serves as a nitrating agent and intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly for producing pharmaceuticals, explosives, and specialty chemicals in industries such as coatings and plastics. Upon thermal decomposition, it releases nitrogen oxides (NOx), which may find niche applications in research or emission studies. Although not a standard medical treatment, it has vasodilatory properties and has been misused recreationally as an inhalant for short-lived euphoric effects, similar to alkyl nitrites, posing significant health risks. As a specialty chemical, it requires careful handling due to its high flammability, explosiveness, and sensitivity to heat, shock, or contamination.