PNU-120596 is primarily used in research settings as a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It enhances the activity of these receptors, making it a valuable tool in studying neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and cognitive impairments. By amplifying the receptor's response to acetylcholine, it helps researchers understand the role of α7 receptors in memory, learning, and neuroprotection. Additionally, PNU-120596 has potential therapeutic applications in improving cognitive function and treating conditions associated with cholinergic system dysfunction. Its ability to modulate receptor activity also makes it useful in exploring new drug targets for neurological and psychiatric diseases.