Encenicline is primarily investigated for its potential in treating cognitive impairments, particularly in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. It acts as a selective agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are involved in cognitive functions such as memory and learning. By enhancing cholinergic signaling, it aims to improve cognitive deficits in patients. Clinical trials have explored its efficacy in enhancing attention, memory, and executive functioning. However, its development has faced challenges due to mixed results in late-stage trials and concerns about safety. Despite setbacks, it remains a compound of interest for neurological and psychiatric research.