Encenicline hydrochloride is primarily researched for its potential in treating cognitive impairments, particularly those associated with Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. It acts as a selective agonist for alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which play a key role in memory and learning processes. By enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission, it aims to improve cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and executive functioning in patients. Clinical trials have explored its efficacy in mitigating cognitive deficits, though results have been mixed, leading to ongoing investigations into its therapeutic potential. Additionally, it has been studied for its possible role in reducing negative symptoms in schizophrenia, offering hope for improved quality of life in affected individuals.