Sugammadex is used in anesthesia to rapidly reverse the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents, specifically rocuronium and vecuronium, which are used during surgery to facilitate intubation and muscle relaxation. Unlike traditional reversal agents that work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, sugammadex directly binds to the neuromuscular blocker in the bloodstream, encapsulating it and making it inactive. This allows the muscles to regain normal function quickly and reliably.

It is especially valuable in situations where rapid recovery of muscle strength is needed, such as at the end of surgery or in patients who cannot be extubated on time. Sugammadex reduces the risk of residual muscle weakness, which can lead to breathing complications. It offers a predictable and fast reversal, even for deep levels of neuromuscular blockade, improving patient safety and operating room efficiency.