Used in research for its interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly the α4β2 and α3β4 subtypes. It has been studied for potential use in treating nicotine addiction due to its ability to mimic some effects of nicotine while also blocking nicotine receptors at higher doses. Investigated for possible central nervous system stimulant properties, especially in respiratory depression, where it may help increase breathing rate. Also explored in cognitive and behavioral studies related to dopamine release modulation. Not approved for therapeutic use in many countries and primarily available for laboratory and experimental applications.