Used in research for its interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly the α4β2 and α3β4 subtypes. It has been studied for potential use in treating nicotine addiction due to its ability to mimic and modulate the effects of nicotine. Also investigated for cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective properties in models of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Has been explored as a respiratory stimulant in cases of respiratory depression, though this use is largely historical. Not approved for clinical use in most countries and primarily limited to laboratory and experimental settings.