TC 2559 fumarate is primarily explored for its potential in neuroscience research, particularly in studying nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). It has shown promise as a selective agonist for α4β2 nAChR subtypes, which are implicated in cognitive processes, attention, and memory. This makes it a valuable tool for investigating the role of these receptors in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. Additionally, it is used in preclinical studies to evaluate its therapeutic potential for treating nicotine addiction, as it may modulate the reward pathways associated with nicotine dependence. Researchers also utilize it to better understand the mechanisms of nAChR activation and its downstream effects in the central nervous system.