Used extensively in cellular metabolism, it plays a crucial role in redox reactions, facilitating the transfer of electrons. It is essential in processes like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, helping convert nutrients into energy. Additionally, it is utilized in research to study enzyme kinetics and cellular respiration. In biotechnology, it is employed in the production of biofuels and pharmaceuticals, aiding in the development of new drugs and sustainable energy sources. Its applications also extend to diagnostics, where it is used in assays to measure metabolic activity and detect diseases.