Used as a catalyst in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in Negishi and Suzuki–Miyaura reactions, enabling the formation of carbon–carbon bonds between aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl groups. Its steric bulk and electron-rich nature enhance reactivity and selectivity, especially with challenging substrates like secondary alkyl halides. Commonly applied in the synthesis of complex organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, where high functional group tolerance and catalyst stability are required.