SB 328437 is primarily used in scientific research as a selective antagonist for the orexin receptor subtype OX2. It plays a key role in studies related to sleep regulation, arousal, and neurological disorders. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, it is valuable in investigating the central nervous system effects of orexin signaling. Researchers use SB 328437 to differentiate the functions of OX2 from OX1 receptors in animal models, aiding in the development of potential treatments for insomnia, narcolepsy, and other sleep-related conditions. Its specificity makes it a useful pharmacological tool in neuropharmacology and behavioral studies.