SCH 58261 is primarily used in scientific research as a selective antagonist for the adenosine A2A receptor. It is commonly employed in neuroscience studies to investigate the role of adenosine signaling in the brain, particularly in relation to motor control, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. By blocking A2A receptors, SCH 58261 helps researchers understand receptor function and evaluate potential therapeutic targets. It has also been used in animal models to study the effects of A2A receptor inhibition on behavior, dopamine signaling, and neuroinflammation. Due to its specificity, it serves as a valuable tool in pharmacological studies exploring the purinergic system.